The Greenhouse Effect Essay

Rationale The â€Å"Greenhouse Effect† is a term that refers to a physical property of the Earth’s atmosphere. If the Earth had no atmosphere, its average surface temperature would be very low of about 18â„Æ' rather than the comfortable 15â„Æ' found today. The difference in temperature is due to a suite of gases called greenhouse gases which affect the overall energy balance of the Earth’s system by absorbing infrared radiation. In its existing state, the Earth atmosphere system balances absorption of solar radiation by emission of infrared radiation to space (Climatological Information Service). The greenhouse effect of the atmosphere has never been doubted. Most of the sun’s radiation is visible light, which passes through the atmosphere largely undeterred. When the radiation strikes the earth, it warms the surface, which then radiates the heat as infrared radiation. However, atmospheric CO2, water vapor, and some other gases absorb the infrared radiation rather than allow it to pass undeterred through the atmosphere to space (Titus, J. G., et. al.). A balance of naturally occurring gases dispersed in the atmosphere determines the Earth’s climate by trapping solar heat. This phenomenon is known as the greenhouse effect. As sunlight passes through our atmosphere, the incoming solar radiation is eradiated from the Earth’s surface as heat energy. Greenhouse gases trap some of this reradiated energy, which warms the Earth (The greenhouse effect, etc.). Objectives The aim of this seminar series is to help develop an emerging field at the intersection of multi-disciplinary understandings of greenhouse effect. It will also help educated participants to develop environmental awareness and integrate in applying theories and management skills for future generation.

The Woman in Black

Susan Hill creates a sense of isolation since the beginning of the novel, when Arthur is at Monk’s Piece. The name of Arthur’s new house (Monk’s Piece), suggest that it is a calm place, but it also could suggest that it is isolated, because in the Middle Ages monks used to meditate alone in isolated places. Isolation is also presented in the other house in the book, which is Eel Marsh House. The only way to access to Eel Marsh House was by crossing a place called ‘Nine Lives Causeway’, which is the only path next to the house.Arthur describes Eel Marsh House as ‘submerged’ and ‘untraceable’, this implies that it is almost impossible to escape from Eel Marsh House. It is submerged because the causeway is under the water and it is untraceable because the marshes last forever. The name of the causeway also creates a sense of isolation, it is called Nine Lives Causeway, and this suggests that you must have nine lives to cross it (or to be very lucky and brave). Isolation is also there when Keckwick leaves Arthur alone in Eel Marsh House.He says that he feels â€Å"alone, outside that gaunt, empty house†. This tells us that Arthur is alone in the house, without protection and he ‘predicts’ that he will see the Woman in Black soon. Another time where we feel isolation is when Arthur is alone at the house and he is so scared that he starts to pray. I think that he prays because he is looking for protection and somebody to talk in God. Mrs Drablow also creates a sense of isolation, especially when Arthur asks for information to Mr Bentley.He says that she lived for a long time in the house with nobody. She didn’t have any friends and she is also described as a â€Å"rum’un†, which means that a person is misbehaving (maybe, this is why Mrs Drablow didn’t have friends. In my opinion, isolation is mostly presented when Arthur is alone at Eel Marsh house, and it is a lso important, because it makes the story ‘more gothic’ and some characters, like Spider (the dog) or Keckwick wouldn’t appear in the story and they make the story more interesting. The Woman in Black Susan Hill creates a sense of isolation since the beginning of the novel, when Arthur is at Monk’s Piece. The name of Arthur’s new house (Monk’s Piece), suggest that it is a calm place, but it also could suggest that it is isolated, because in the Middle Ages monks used to meditate alone in isolated places. Isolation is also presented in the other house in the book, which is Eel Marsh House. The only way to access to Eel Marsh House was by crossing a place called ‘Nine Lives Causeway’, which is the only path next to the house.Arthur describes Eel Marsh House as ‘submerged’ and ‘untraceable’, this implies that it is almost impossible to escape from Eel Marsh House. It is submerged because the causeway is under the water and it is untraceable because the marshes last forever. The name of the causeway also creates a sense of isolation, it is called Nine Lives Causeway, and this suggests that you must have nine lives to cross it (or to be very lucky and brave). Isolation is also there when Keckwick leaves Arthur alone in Eel Marsh House.He says that he feels â€Å"alone, outside that gaunt, empty house†. This tells us that Arthur is alone in the house, without protection and he ‘predicts’ that he will see the Woman in Black soon. Another time where we feel isolation is when Arthur is alone at the house and he is so scared that he starts to pray. I think that he prays because he is looking for protection and somebody to talk in God. Mrs Drablow also creates a sense of isolation, especially when Arthur asks for information to Mr Bentley.He says that she lived for a long time in the house with nobody. She didn’t have any friends and she is also described as a â€Å"rum’un†, which means that a person is misbehaving (maybe, this is why Mrs Drablow didn’t have friends. In my opinion, isolation is mostly presented when Arthur is alone at Eel Marsh house, and it is a lso important, because it makes the story ‘more gothic’ and some characters, like Spider (the dog) or Keckwick wouldn’t appear in the story and they make the story more interesting.

Resolving Ethical Business Challenges

1. What are the potential ethical issues faced by ACME Corp? Frank from ACME corp. is leveraging his personal relationship and offering bribes and kickbacks to Otis of Thermocare to increase purchase contracts. This could potentially be a large problem if Thermocare becomes aware of such practices. The purchase of product should be warranted w/ quality of products and price structures, not because it gets you tickets to baseball games and Cancun. If ACME is competitive, there is nothing wrong with these kick-backs. If there is a better option for Thermocare, however, and Otis is choosing ACME for kickbacks alone, this becomes an ethical problem. If other customers of ACME or general public discovered these practices, they could damage their infrastructure thru lost revenue or hurt their public image. Related reading: Disadvantages of Ethics in the Workplace 2.What should ACME do if there is a desire to make ethics a part of its core organizational values? If ACME wanted to adapt Ethics as part of its core organizational values, they should start in the same approach as the structure of the business, top-down. Amber may be Frank’s boss but does business no more ethical than Frank does. Instead of warning of ethical issues, she re-enforces the practice of bribing the client. Therefore, Amber requires ethical training as much as Frank does. Her manager likely needs Ethical training as well as anyone up the chain. 3.Identify the ethical issues of which Frank needs to be aware. Frank needs to be aware of ethical issues of bribery. He should understand that his personal reputation as well as ACME’s is at risk when conducting business in this manner. Frank should start by asking himself if Thermocare would be as interested in ACME’s product if Otis was not able to squeeze kick-backs out of Frank and Amber. Frank should also be aware that Amber, despite being his manager, is as un-ethical as Frank is. She specifically tells Frank that no one will find out about the funding for season tickets as well as the trip to Cancun. 4.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each decision that Frank could make. The easiest thing Frank could do is continue the bribery, say by funding Otis’s night at the Adult Entertainment venue. This would keep Otis happy and coming back for more kick-backs. Otis, Frank, Amber and the rest of ACME corp. would materialistically benefit from this continued business practice. It is unknown whether or not Thermocare is benefitting from this relationship. It is clear, however, that someone is paying for this. The disadvantage of continuing this bribery is clear. If the kick-backs become exposed to the rest of Thermocare, the client may terminate Otis and further sales with ACME Corp. If the rest of ACME Corp. found out about Amber and Frank’s methods, there would likely be disciplinary action. Additionally, if this matter became public, Frank and Amber could have jeopardized ACME’s reputation and severely hurt future sales with anyone.

Issues-Long Hours vs. Meeting Customer Needs Assignment

Issues-Long Hours vs. Meeting Customer Needs - Assignment Example What she doesn’t see is a number of personnel, management, leadership, communication and training problems that Frame It is beset with at the present. If she is not careful, this could spell disaster and even possible closure for the business, so it is better that she take note and do something like getting professional help to sort out these myriad problems. To this end, she has finally recognized the serious nature of the various issues that face the business and is prepared to hire a Human Resources and Organizational Behaviour expert to take charge of the present situation and handle it as best he can so that all the issues are sorted out and the business can resume with renewed vigour and success. I am the Human Resources and Organization Behaviour expert who was called in to review and handle the situation and am soon due to meet the CEO giving her my points of view on the current situation and what needs to be done to set it right. I might add that Fran is prepared to give me considerable authority and responsibility so that the situation is handled in the best possible manner and with a minimum of interference from other staff or management. The remaining parts of this report will discuss the present scenario, the various aspects that need to be handled and how the situation can be set right again to the satisfaction of both employees and management. From the available facts recounted in the case, it is evident that there is trouble brewing up between management and employees. For one thing, the long hours, lower pay, lack of training and absence of motivational factors have frustrated the employees. The authoritarian attitude of the CEO does not help the situation, and that is why she has called in a Human Resources and organization Behaviour expert to handle the situation. It was one of the best things she could do under the circumstances.

Market Foods Corporation in Ecuador Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Market Foods Corporation in Ecuador - Essay Example Eating habits and approach to food will be different in Singapore and Ecuador and hence the Market Food Corporation must account for those things while formulating management strategies for Ecuador. Even the same service needs different management styles and marketing strategies in different countries in order to succeed because of the difference in the culture. Only those entrepreneurs who study these differences will succeed in their overseas projects. Product, Price, Placement, and Promotion (4P’s of business/marketing) must be taken into consideration by Market Foods in their proposed hawker stall operations in Ecuador. Right product, at the right time, in the right place, with right promotional activities will always be successful in the market and Market Foods Corporation must formulate a well thought out strategy for Ecuador based on the above assumption. Management structure is also important for the success of international business. Locals must be given priority in all the international activities because of their immense knowledge about h the local market and culture. Promotional activities and advertisements for hawker stalls in Ecuador also must focus on the Ecuadorian culture rather than the global culture. â€Å"As the world shrinks, so marketing opportunities expand. Radical advances in communication and transportation bring markets closer-the skill lies in identifying the areas of greatest potential profit, and developing global strategies that still function effectively in meeting local needs† (International marketing review) We are living in a world of Globalization and Liberalization which tries to visualize the whole world as one and to bring the whole people/countries under the roof of one umbrella. Globalization has opened the doors widely open for business community as they can market their

Compare my ometown wich is saudi arabia to the city i live in now wich Essay

Compare my ometown wich is saudi arabia to the city i live in now wich is murfreesboro TN - Essay Example Americans value independence and freedom than the people of Saudi Arabia. This entails independence and freedom for religion, gender, among others. In contrast, Saudi Arabia restricts individual freedom. Everything has to be done according to Islam and ancient customs. There is also a significant difference in weather between Saudi Arabia and Murfreesboro, Tennessee. In Murfreesboro, Tennessee, the winter season is characterized by snowy conditions and the summer with hot conditions. In contrast, Saudi Arabia is always sunny and hot. There is no chance of experiencing snowy conditions in Saudi Arabia. Finally, people in America have little respect for the law in comparison to people in Saudi Arabia. This is because in Saudi Arabia, the law is made according to strict Islamic rules while in America the law is made to incorporate all. I would love to live in Murfreesboro, Tennessee than Saudi Arabia because of the above differences between the two areas. There is freedom in America, there is a variety of weather, and the law is inclusive of all regardless of religion, age, gender, or

The advantages and disadvantages of women in police Essay

The advantages and disadvantages of women in police - Essay Example It was, of course, the same male police administration that had refused over the years to assign women to general patrol and there by had blocked police women's access to the required experience2. However this trend could not be continued for long and they had to give the opportunity to women police. Finally when women were given the opportunity, as a result of Federal law mandating equal opportunity regardless of gender or race, to perform general police work and serve on patrol, they demonstrated their fitness for police work. Statistics point out certain facts about women police. In 2001, women accounted for only 12.7% of all sworn law enforcement positions in large agencies, 8.1% in small and rural agencies3, and 14.4% in federal agencies. Even though women gained an average of roughly half a percentage point per year within large police agencies from 1972 to 1999, there is increasing evidence that this trend is now reversed. For instance, the representation of women in large police agencies in 2000 and 2001 in reality declined from the year before i.e. from 14.3% in 1999 and 13.0% in 2000 to 12.7% in 2001. hence it can be clearly noted form these statistics that at the present rate, women will not achieve equality in large police agencies for several years to come. Obviously, if the similar trend continues barriers will continue to exist for women in the field of law enforcement4. There are advantages and also a few disadvantages of women in police force. As a result there is a controversy over how the women's policing style differs from men's style and also if this difference have any impact on overall policing. Many times it was observed by many of the researchers that women in the police service itself are reluctant to discuss these differences in styles. This is mainly because they think this may push them back into specialist positions that may have tremendous prestige but often limit good promotional opportunities. Many feminist groups, predominantly the U.S.-based National Center for Women and Policing, a project sponsored by the Feminist Majority, an activist feminist group in the U.S., believe that women's difference is an advantage5. Hence, they consider that, in many of the areas of police activity, women are especially adaptable and can even perform much better than men. There are certain unique works in policing that women can handle with more efficiency. For instance, policewomen are particularly suitable for working for special police prostitution groups, dealing with migrants in prostitution and trafficking in women within the larger cities. They are in fact becoming more and more experienced concerning working with police groups dealing with domestic violence and juvenile affairs. Policewomen are generally more acceptable to women and children who have been the victims of the misdeeds of men. In such cases girls and young children have more confidence in women. Today crime prevention is much more important than punishing for a crime after it occurs. The field of crime prevention is becoming more significant to police agencies and here policewomen play their greatest role. Women police are also gifted in gaining the confidence of children and in identifying antisocial

Second assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Second - Assignment Example Hitherto, one needs to clarify this result: was she pushed to stealing because of her social structure or was it her choice? In anthropology, this question can be shaped and reformed into one of the most famous debates in this field: what drives human action? Is it the social structure in which the human exists, or the agent, wherein the human action is due to decisions and free will? Not so long ago have I had the fortune to enter such a debate with some friends. The main subject of the debate was: was one of our friends actions due to her environment or was it her decision? I, honestly, believed that it was because of her environment and apparently her ability to deal with it was all because of how her environment shaped her. Therefore, going back to Liesel, I would say that her stealing was caused by her choking environment. In other words, its the social structure that shapes the human actions. Likewise, theorists such as Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Marvin Harris would also agree in such notion. Social structure, in the simplest definitions, would be the arrangement of human relations in a society. At the same time, social structure would also be the environment in which humans exist. In this environment, it could either be the society or of the biological, physical or chemical origin (Harris). Now, going back, Marx, being one of the key theorists in anthropology, looked at human actions based on the interest of the individual itself. He gave the idea that an individual formulating ideologies force these ideas to the society in order to reshape the society where this individual grew up in. Incidentally, these ideologies formed by the individual came from the ideas presented by the society. In other words, Marx was trying to point out that humans would not be altering their society if, in the first place, they were not introduced to such

A Critical rationale for the delivery of the PE, School Sport and Club Essay

A Critical rationale for the delivery of the PE, School Sport and Club Links (PESSCL) initiative - Essay Example Inadequate delivery of professional services to the members of public. Lack of support for health education on the part of some teachers, parents and administrators (Reidy, 2008, p. 31) Recent findings suggest that some trends such as drug and alcohol use are major contributory factors to increased health challenges in the world. Other factors that have made the situation worse include tobacco use which predisposes to users to cancer. Also, sexual behaviours, and dietary behaviours have contributed to more serious issues. U.K. has continued to fight health issues by coming up with different approaches to regulation, enforcement and incentives for compliance. There are different priorities and policies which have resulted in various differences existing between the health services systems. In addition there are private health sectors that which are considerably smaller to cater for the financially well up (Campbell, 2011, p. 40). For instance, in England most health care is provided for by the National Health Service which is accounted for in the Department of Health’s budget. Each of these systems provide health care and ambulance services for emergencies especially when patients are not able to use public means of transport. More so dental services are provided through private dental practices and dentists have no mandate to inflate the standard rate to offer the services. Other most outstanding features of UK health services are lower waiting time for the patients. This ensures that there is no delay while patients wait for services. This is a big contrast in relation to most African countries which lack such clearly defined medical services and schemes. Children are subject to higher incidences of exposure to health issues due to their behaviour and physiology. 1in every 10 children suffer from diagnosable mental health conditions. More so, most children in U.K. suffer from obesity which is a condition

Trader Joes Essay Example for Free

Trader Joes Essay After observing that consumers are more likely to try new things when they are on vacation, he turned his store into an â€Å"oases† with a marine theme and cheerful employees wearing Hawaiian shirts. Trader Joe’s is differentiated with their innovative, one-of-a-kind foods priced well below their competitors. Trader Joe’s has an obligation to their employees, customers, and the community. To start off, Trader Joe’s has an obligation to their employees, and employees have certain expectations about their job concerning the job itself, pay, benefits, promotion, co-workers, and supervision. Employees expect, or at least hope for, a pleasant work environment, reasonable compensation, benefits such as insurance, opportunities for advancement, friendly co-workers, and guidance when they need it and respect from their supervisors. Trader Joe’s seems to meet their employee expectations. They are surrounded by an exciting, friendly, fun, and happy environment every day. They earn significantly more than employees at other grocery chains with managers making at least around $120,000 per year. Their starting benefits include medical, dental, and vision insurance, company-paid retirement, paid vacation, and a 10% employee discount. There are opportunities for advancement as they hire managers only from within the company. They even have their own university, Trader Joe’s University, where their future leaders enroll in training programs to ensure they will be able to meet company and customer expectations. The university also teaches them to instill the Trader Joe’s attitude. Management spends their days on the floor with their crew and customers instead of in an office with the door closed. Trader Joe’s fulfills their obligations to their employees. Trader Jos’s also has an obligation to their customers, and customers also have certain expectations, such as, reasonable prices, availability of stock, correct information about products, a pleasant shopping environment and experience, and friendly and helpful employees. Customers definitely receive an enjoyable shopping experience from the theme to the employees. They have even come to expect a customer-focused attitude specifically from Trader Joe’s. Trader Joe’s highlights â€Å"soft skills† as much as the actual retail experience. The employees are friendly, are customer involved, and have high product knowledge. The employees taste and learn about the products, share their experiences, and take the time to locate and recommend products. Trader Joe’s also has a philosophy of â€Å"every penny we save is a penny you save. † They focus on natural ingredient, buy directly from suppliers whenever possible, buy in volume, contract early, do not give their suppliers a fee for putting items on the shelf, and drop items that don’t pull weight to keep costs down. Their CEO does not even have a secretary to cut every possible cost so they can offer lower prices. They limit their stock while selling twice as much as other supermarkets by selling high quality products at lower prices. Trader Joe’s says, â€Å"Giving people too much choice can result in paralysis†¦the more options you offer, the less likely people are to choose any. † Trader Joe’s then has an obligation to the community, and the community has certain expectations of Trader Joe’s. They have an obligation to the community to be responsible, abide by rules and regulations, proved accurate information, provide safe products, and respect environmental concerns. They seem to be fulfilling their obligations to the community, but in 2010, Trader Joe’s was found selling 15 out of 22 red-list seafoods, those that are overfished and need to be conserved for their survival. This raised high concerns. They were quick to respond with a promise to remove the red-listed seafood, to improve product labeling with more accurate information about seafood products, and to only offer sustainable seafood in all formats by the end of 2012. They started using the Seafood Watch list to focus their product development and other third-party, science-based information to help with their goals. They are responding to customer concerns and feedback to fit customer needs of food safety and taste and environmental concerns. Trader Joe’s did break obligations to the community, but they are confronting the situation and responding to concerns to fix the problem. If they keep their promise they can return to fulfilling all their obligations. Any obligation to the community is also an obligation to their customers. Aside from the seafood situation, Trader Joe’s fulfills their obligations to their customers. If they fix the seafood situation and keep their end of 2012 promise, their customers will probably forgive and trust them. However, they need to make sure they do not pass any of the cost of their obligation to see through on their promise because this could then damage their reputation.

The Council Of Trent

The Council Of Trent Throughout the early 1500s many Europeans sought to reform the structure and traditions of the Catholic Church. Riots and protests gradually spread to various parts of Europe causing many authorities including the Catholic Church to panic. The Council of Trent was called in 1545 by Pope Paul III to respond to these concerns and to the Protestant Revolt. It included an ecumenical council made up of all of the bishops of the Catholic Church, which discussed the various concerns presented. This document analysis will not analyze The Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent in its entirety. This analysis will focus upon the fourth session written in 1546, and the twenty-third session, including the oration delivered in the last session in 1559 through 1563. The Council was a means to reinforce the authority of the papacy and to fight back against the rise of Protestantism. The Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent increased papal authority, as it was intended as a warning for all other forms of Christianity that the authority and legitimacy of the Catholic Church was not to be questioned or threatened. The Council of Trent was vital in the consolidation of papal power. The Council of Trent gives us insight into the power of the Catholic Church in the mid 1500s. Although its numbers had been dwindling, the Catholic Church had the ability fight back in force. We can assume by the authoritative language of the Council of Trent that the Catholic Church greatly feared the growing strength of the protestant movement throughout Europe. The power of the church is evident by the aggressive language in the document such as no one dare or presume under any pretext whatsoever to reject it and by authorities describing those who do not follow the canons as an anathema. An anathema in essence means condemning someone to hell. Even after the charges by reformists such as Luther and Calvin, the Catholic Church still had the influence to directly threaten and condemn Protestantism. The Council of Trent legitimizes under Catholic law, papal authority to do whatever necessary to prevent the spread of Protestantism and bring former Catholics back to the church in nume rous ways. First, The Council of Trent increased papal authority by passing a decree concerning the publication of sacred books. The Council states that canonical books (the Bible) should be printed in its entirety as they are in the Vulgate edition. The Council states that If any one receive not, as sacred and canonical, the said books entire with all their parts, as they have been used to be read in the Catholic Church, and as they are contained in the old Latin vulgate editionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦let him be anathema. The Vulgate edition included deuterocanonicals, which were books not available in Hebrew yet were deemed acceptable to be included in the Bible. The Protestants did not accept these books as canonical and called it biblical apocrypha. This gives us greater indication that the Council of Trent was among other things, a counter in reaction to the teachings of Protestantism. Secondly, The Council of Trent increased papal authority by legitimizing enforcement methods to stop the spread of any edition of sacred documents not verified by the Catholic Church. The Council states that the Vulgate edition, be printed in the most correct manner possible; and that it shall not be lawful for any one to print, or cause to be printed, any books whatsoever, on sacred matters, without the name of the authorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦unless they shall have been first examined and approved by the Ordinary. Moreover the council states that Those who ledà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦shall be subject to the same penalties as printersthey who have them in their possession or shall read them, shall, unless they discover the authors, be themselves regarded as the authors This would have harsh implications as just having a copy of an anonymous biblical text would deem you legally responsible and subject to punishment. It must be noted that Luther published his Bible in 1534, which meant that the Council of Trent deemed Luther to be a threat to the Catholic Church. They soon took the necessary means to prevent its (and other bible translations) publication. This could also give us a greater appreciation of the significance of the Gutenberg Press which could produce multiple copies of works rapidly. The Catholic Church must have felt their power to centralize production of biblical texts was diminishing. The Council of Trent would legitimize the authority of the papacy that The Catholic Churchs interpretation of the bible would be absolute. Thirdly, The Council of Trent increased papal power by equating Catholic Church tradition with the scripture. The Council states that Truth and discipline are contained in the written books, and the unwritten traditions which, received by the Apostles from the mouth of Christ himselfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦have come down to us, transmitted as it were from hand to hand. This would have the potential to greatly enhance papal authority on which interpretation of the bible would be permitted. This would also be a direct counter to refute and denounce the protestant belief that man can learn everything he needed to know about God through scripture alone and his individual relationship with Christ. We can also notice from The Council of Trent, that papal authority to ordinate priests and bishops is consolidated. The Council states that those which are not officially ordained by the Catholic Church are to be regarded as thieves and robbers. The Catholic Church criminalizes protestant desires for the common people to elect their own priests and bishops. Moreover the Council enforces the legitimacy of their bishops who are chosen by the Roman pontiff. If anyone says that the bishops who are chosen by the authority of the Roman pontiff are not true and legitimate bishops, but merely human deception, let him be anathema. Again, this is an indication that the Council of Trent was a direct refutation of the growing protestant rituals which broke with Catholic tradition. Finally, The Council of Trent firmly placed the authority in the hands of the papacy to declare that only those who are known for their virtues, not for their own ambition, who will serve the interests of the people, not their own, and who desire to be useful rather then invested with authority, will be chosen for the discharge of ecclesiastical offices. This decree gave the church the authority to expel those who did not live up to the standards of the Catholic Church. This in an indication that the Catholic Church believed that it needed to reform itself in someway to convince the masses that they were taking steps to stamp out corruption. It could also be beneficial to consider to impact of the Council of Trent on the authority of princes and other secular rulers. The Council deemed it proper that secular princes also be admonished of their duty; being confident that as Catholics whom God has willed to be protectors of the holy faith and church. The Council of Trent gave princes the opportunity to potentially use the authority of the church to suppress supporters of the reformation. This is an indication that the Church was willing to work with princes to ensure the survival of Catholicism and the destruction of Protestantism. The Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent is clearly a biased document and does not give us the opposing opinions of the Protestants throughout Europe. Furthermore, this document does not attempt to understand, or reconcile the grievances of the Protestants. Thus it makes no attempt to legitimize the criticism of the Catholic Church by Protestants, but to criminalize their criticism. It is written by an ecumenical council to legitimize in writing, their prosecution of what they deem to be blasphemy. However, we can assume that numerous people throughout Europe still valued the opinion of the Catholic Church. With the proclamation of the Council of Trent, Catholics saw their church take action against the rising power of Protestantism, and it would be safe to imagine that their fears would diminish following the publication of the Council of Trent. It is apparent throughout the document, that the Council of Trent centralizes the decision making process of the Catholic Church and its ability to persecute individuals who contradicted their strict interpretation of the Christian faith. It is evident after carefully analyzing the text that The Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent increased papal authority, as it was intended as a warning for all other forms of Christianity that the authority and legitimacy of the Catholic Church was not to be questioned or threatened.