Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ( Pmdd ) Is A Severe Form...

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Jennifer R. Goehring Psychology 612B National University Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Overview of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome. It can cause impairment with social activities, relationships, and occupational duties. PMDD is thought to be brought on by an altered sensitivity to normal fluctuation in hormones from the menstrual cycle (Hantsoo Epperson, 2015). Other possible etiologies include genetic factors, stress, being overweight or obese, or a past history of depression, trauma, or sexual abuse. A comprehensive review of symptoms is necessary to determine if the severity warrants a diagnosis of PMDD. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5, in most menstrual cycles a minimum of five symptoms must be present the week prior to the start of menses; the symptoms must begin to decrease within a few days after the start of menses, and they must become slight or absent in the week following menses (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). At least one of the symptoms must be an affective symptom such as depressed mood, marked irritability/anger, or marked anxiety. One of the following must also be present for a total of five symptoms: decreased interest in normal routine, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, changes in appetite, changes in sleep, feeling overwhelmed, and physical symptoms including breast tenderness orShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Premenstrual Syndrome2075 Words   |  9 PagesPremenstrual syndrome (PMS), also called premenstrual tension (PMT), is a collection of emotional symptoms, with or without physical condition that exhibits distressing, physical, behavioural and psychosocial symptoms, in the absence of organic or underlying psychiatric disease, which regularly recurs during the luteal phase of each menstrual cycle and which disappears or significantly regress by the end of menstruation (RCOG green-top guideline no 48).Premenstrual disorders, including premenstrualRead MoreEssay about Premenstr ual Dysphoric Disorder ( PMDD )754 Words   |  4 PagesPremenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ( PMDD ) Everyone experiences some unhappiness in his or her lifetime whether it is a specific situation or not. It becomes more serious when the cause is a form of depression. It is a fact that women experience depression about twice as much as men (1). These causes specifically for women can be complex and so are the solutions (3). A common syndrome affecting an estimated 3% to 8% of women in their reproductive years is called Premenstrual Dysphoric DisorderRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Psychotic Depression1143 Words   |  5 Pagesdepression have severe episodes where the person can see or hear things that are not really there. (Lliades, 2015) The symptoms of psychotic depression can possibly be agitation, anxiety, constipation, hypochondria, insomnia, physical immobility, intellectual impairment, and delusions or hallucinations. These are the most common symptoms for people suffering. (Goldberg, 2014, August 21) The cause of this is when a person has a subtype of major depression that occurs when a severe depressive illnessRead MoreDepression Disorder And Its Causes1100 Words   |  5 PagesDepression Disorder and Its Causes Miami Dade College Depression Disorder and Its Causes A depressive disorder is an illness that involves the body, mood, and thoughts. It interferes with daily life, normal functioning, and causes pain for both the person with the disorder and those who care about him or her. A depressive disorder is not the same as passing blue moon, it is not a sign of a personal weakness or a condition that can be wished away. People with depressive illness can get better by â€Å"pullingRead MoreDepression And Its Effects On Society1599 Words   |  7 PagesSince there is a lack of knowledge about certain mental disorders like depression, people that endure psychological conditions succumb to unnecessary stereotyping. Thus, society is considerably misguided by stereotypes founded upon fabricated material, many people are considered to be tremendously eccentric or emotionally unstable. Consequently, there are myriad forms of depression that are severely debilitating. Major depression disorder (MDD), brutal symptoms that interfere one’s ability to eatRead MoreWomen’S Health Issues Require Separate And Unique Attention1205 Words   |  5 Pageshealth issues starting from menstrual cycle through pregnancy to childbirth ending with menopause. Apart from these issues, women have to face so many health problems. Few of them, I will discuss in my paper. Women’s mental health These are various disorders that are related to the women’s mental health and their psychology which are limited to female body only. Some of these are because of the depression and anxiety that women have to go through with the start of their puberty stage (Russo, 2008). WomenRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Premenstrual Syndrome1826 Words   |  8 Pages Get Involved 7.1 (Menstrual symptoms) Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), are symptoms that comes with severe pains, one to two weeks before one’s period starts. In addition, most women have at least some symptoms of PMS, and the symptoms go away after their period’s starts. For some women, the symptoms seem to be very severe enough to affect their lives, and this is referred as PMS is called â€Å"premenstrual dysphoric disorder† or PMDD. Therefore, I will focus on the meaning of menstruationRead MoreDepression Is A Real Illness2140 Words   |  9 Pagesstructure of the brain that has been most associated with depression. It plays an important role in the processing of emotions, and is linked to both fear and pleasure responses. â€Å"Conditions such as anxiety, autism, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and phobias are suspected of being linked to abnormal functioning of the amygdala†¦,† (https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/amygdala.htm). The thalamus is the part of the brain that c ontrols sensory awareness and the regulation of motor functions.Read MoreDeveloping and Marketing a Blockbuster Drug: Lessons from Eli Lilly’s Experience with Prozac7816 Words   |  32 Pagesboosted both an awareness of the disease and drug sales. When the vice president.s wife Tipper Gore .came out. with her own pleas that people seek the new treatments to avoid the suffering she had endured, the stigma of depression had been dealt a severe blow, no doubt prompting more patients to seek physician care. In 1993 Peter Kramer, a Harvard-trained psychiatrist, published the book Listening To Prozac, prompting people with only mild problems to ask for Prozac as well. While Dr. Kramer did discussRead MoreFuture Medications and Newer Drugs3158 Words   |  13 PagesFuture medications Introduction This chapter deals with the newer drugs available in all classes of psychiatric disorders. Anxiety (Social Phobia) Anxiety disorders affect more than 40 million adults in the U.S., with about 15 million of those suffering from acute social phobia, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. The drug, which has a unique mechanism of action, is administered in an intranasal spray and acts with rapid-onset on peripheral receptors from nasal chemosensory neurons

The Role Of Cyber Pilgrimage On A Pilgrimage - 1585 Words

Moreover, there are also other methods of cyber-pilgrimage that are commonly use to partake on a pilgrimage on a daily basis. These include pilgrimages videos on YouTube, virtual tours, and online pilgrimage websites of 3D replicates of sacred sites. For example, a very well known YouTube channel for pilgrimage is the America Media. This channel contains many pilgrimage journeys made by father James Martin. Father James is a Jesuit priest, a writer, and editor for the Jesuit magazine America. The channel has 4,018 followers who sign in to YouTube to travel to all sorts of places with the help of Father James. In his videos of pilgrimage, Father James shows the audience everything he sees as he walks through the sacred sites. In this YouTube videos, he explains the religious meaning and background of each site. For example, in one of his videos to the Holy Land he is at the town of Capernaum where Jesus is said to have lived. As he walks along the streets of this town he shows the audience the ruins of the places where Jesus used to go to preach. Among these ruins he shows the fourth century synagogue. At this moment, he explains that this is where it is said that Jesus after entering the synagogue to preach was able to cast a demon right out of a man immediately. He then goes on to talk about the humanity of Jesus. This video along with the others have given Cyber-pilgrims the opportunity to experience what it s like to go on a pilgrimage to sacred terrestrialShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis on Retail Strategies of Iocl12077 Words   |  49 Pagesconclude at the retail point after moving through long complicated supply chain. The downstream business is extremely complicated and of substantial strategic importance to the national economy. Oil products, especially transportation fuels, play a key role in the national economic growth. This is what makes the retail business exiting and challenging. It demands continuous efforts at improvement of product and servic es as well as higher customer satisfaction. The business environment in India hasRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagestheir situation within the domestic sphere and the conditions under which they labored to expand the career opportunities available to them at different times and in diverse settings. She places special emphasis on the important but often overlooked roles they played in politics, particularly those associated with resistance movements, and their contributions to arts and letters worldwide. Drawing on the essay collections and series on women in world history that she has edited over the past decade

Early Brain Development and Learning Free Essays

It is not commonly known that the brain is 90% developed by age five. Most people believe that at age five children are just starting to learn. In fact, the brain absorbs more from birth to age five rather than from age five on. We will write a custom essay sample on Early Brain Development and Learning or any similar topic only for you Order Now Parents and family can do many things to aid in the development of a baby’s brain, ultimately assisting in their learning. The sequence and rate at which the brain develops predicts the optimal times for a baby to learn. Sequence and rate is measured by milestones that a baby may reach by a certain age. Experiences are one thing that helps promote brain development. Our five senses give us these experiences. How in the first few years of life do we develop into the complex people we are today? We will look at how nature versus nurture; sensory perception; positive and negative experiences and both our social and physical environment contribute to and develop everything about whom we are as individuals. The brain is influenced in many different ways. The most important factors in brain development start with genetics, nutrition, and responsiveness from parents, daily experiences, and physical interactions. Parents need to know that children are learning and accepting more information that a fully grown adult. Children need positive and sensitive feedback from family. In the past, scientist believed that the human brains development was determined by a biologically determined path (Brotherson, 2005). This means that the brain would develop genetically through family, but leading technology and science proved that the brain is not predetermined genetically by family. The brain matures through the five senses: smell, touch, vision, taste, and hearing. The experiences that the five senses bring are very crucial to help build the connections that guide brain development. The importance of the parents understanding of the first few years of his or her child’s life is extremely important. As Titzer, P. H. D, (2008) uses a computer metaphor to explain brain development he put it this way â€Å"Your baby’s brain could be thought of as a highly responsive, self-programming computer. For the first few years, the hardware is still coming together – a baby is not a finished product, but a growing, developing individual, complete with organic â€Å"circuitry† – the central nervous system† (p. ). The brain will absorb more with more stimulation. At an earlier age stimulation for the brain circuitry is at its best. This will cause the brain circuitry to develop more effectively. The main function of the brain in the first three years of life is to create and support connections between neurons. The con nections are referred to as synapses. Synapses could be envisioned as the limbs on the tree. Imagine a large family tree with its trunk as the original lineage. Then the main branches are the families as they grow and have children. Neurons are like the trunk and the main branches of the tree. The number of neurons a baby is born with remains constant in the first three years of life. Synapses (all those years of lineage on the family tree) are all the little twigs and branches that come off the main trunk. In the first three years of life our brains synapses increase to a number in the hundreds of trillions. However, after age three the number of synapses begins to slow until age 10. During this period there are more synapses created than needed. A person creates more synapses than needed and the â€Å"use it or lose it† theory applies to all the unused synapses. The synapses being used the most, meaning the circuits that transfer information the most become permanent to the brain. The synapses not used are lost in a process called pruning. In fact, the ability to see light is lost if the eyes are not exposed to light within the first three weeks of life, hence â€Å"use it or lose it† theory (Hawley, 2003). This will happen because the synapses that can see light will be lost because they will not have been used. That is why we want to give our children as much experience socially and with learning as possible. With this kind of experience these synapses will become permanent. Brotherson (2005) describes a baby’s brain at this point like a â€Å"†super sponge† absorbing everything given to it (para. 4) The first three years are the most sensitive for learning and development (Gable Huntington, 2001). The brain takes in these experiences through our five senses. According to Gable Huntington (2001) â€Å"an infant’s social, emotional, cognitive, physical and language development are stimulated during multisensory experiences† (para. 12) During these first few years of life is most rapid growth period for the brain. At birth the brain is 25% developed, at six months it is 50% developed , at 30 months 75% developed and at age five it is already 90% developed. There have been many optimal opportunities for parents to teach their children many things from birth to this point already. Children at the age of two have been known to read at the reading level of a fifth grader because they were taught at the â€Å"prime time. † Acquiring the knowledge of how a baby’s brain develops and what can be done to influence it in a positive way can make a world of difference for a child. A positive influence during this critical period is very crucial. Let us take a look at nature versus nurture; sensory perception; positive and negative experiences and both our social and physical environment contribute to and develop everything about who we are as individuals. Take the study of nature, for example, our individual innate qualities versus nurture, and our personal experiences. As evidences by the recent Human Genome Project, it is currently believed that there is much more nurture than nature in the result of each of us. With this, how does nurture become nature? Let us look at the example of ‘perfect pitch’ to show the relationship between genetics and environment. This is an example of how† heredity and environment can interact† (Davies, 2001, para. 3). Davies (2003) describes perfect pitch as â€Å"The ability to recognize the absolute pitch of musical tone without any reference note. People with perfect pitch often have relatives with the same gift and research show this is a highly inherited gift, possibly the result of a single gene. However, studies also demonstrate a requirement for early musical training (before age 6) to manifest perfect pitch. Many personality and behavioral traits will not be exclusively the result of nature or nurture, but rather an inextricable combination of both† (para. 5). _ Nature versus nurture and the role that heredity and environment have in human development indicates that with almost all biological and psychological traits genes and environment work together in communication back and forth to create us as individuals . No one questions it; this is the ying and the yang, the Adam and Eve, the Mom and Pop of pop psychology and genealogy. Nature and Nurture is what made us what we are today and will determine what our children will be tomorrow. I have heard the expression that life is all about perception. We all know people who are positive and those who are negative. And each of us has either an optimistic or pessimistic personality. How we perceive the world around us is i nherently a matter of our sensory perception of the world and largely that done in the first several years of life. We have many senses but we most often refer to the five senses of sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste. We are born with the need for a multisensory environment. Research shows that interactions that are associated with many of emotion are more â€Å"readily remembered and recalled†_ __(Gable Huntington, 2001, para. 17)_. With this, it is proven that with a multisensory environment we develop out temperament and emotions during an early the early stages of life. Developmental milestones are certain things that a child should be able to do by a certain age range. A child’s doctor will use these milestones to assess the development of a child in the area of his/her gross motor, fine motor, language, cognitive, and social skills. Even though each milestone has an age range, each child is different and unique so the age can vary significantly. One child may start to walk as early as seven months old and another child may not begin to walk until 16 months old and both would be considered normal. They both would be within the normal age range. In conclusion, we have looked at how genetics and environment in early brain development occurs as well as the importance of multiple sensory experiences, positive interactions, and social and physical stimulation in early development of a variety of cognitive and behavioral skills. It was briefly discussed that there are many interventions and treatments for improvement in many areas of interrupted brain development due to early childhood trauma, stress, and neglect with appropriate intervention. Many agencies today focus on education for parents and caregivers to ensure a more positive and educational experience for the early brain development. References Brotherson, Gable,S. Hunting, M. (2001). Nature, Nurture and Early Brain Development. Retrieved from http://extension. missouri. edu/publications/DisplayPub. aspx? P=GH6115 Hawley, T. (2003). Starting Smart. How Early Experiences Affect Brain Development. Titzer, R. Ph. D. (2008). Your Baby Can Read. Carlsbad, Ca How to cite Early Brain Development and Learning, Papers

Resources Linear Programming Model †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Resources Linear Programming Model. Answer: Introduction: There are several insights that can be gleaned from the video on linear programming. The rational decision making process involves different steps before the final decision is made logically. The rationality of the decision made is based on making choices between alternatives which is made using logic and rationality (Eisenfuhr, Weber Langer 2010, p.3). The other consideration that is factored in the process of decision making is to be objective and analytical. This is in contrast to using insight and subjectivity in the decision making process. The assumptions used are that the person making the decision has the time, ability and resources to evaluate the available alternatives. The rationality for making the decision is dependent on information which is perfect and unambiguous. The information available should avail all relevant data that will be used in making a rational decision (Eisenfuhr, Weber Langer 2010, p.10).In the case of the linear programming word problem, the relevant data are the costs of fat and protein and the content in each brand of cattle feed available (Patrick 2010). The decision is then made using five steps: formulating the goal, identifying criteria, analysis and decision making. The range of costs is reached as the goal that will guide the final decision made. There are several limitations in using linear programming. Determining the objective set out is often a complex undertaking in linear programming. Other constraints which are not set out within the variables may affect the final outcome of the programming (Gupta 2015, p.3). Some constraints used within the programming may not be expressible as inequalities in the linear programming. Another limitation is the hypothesis that assumes linear relations of the variables used. This may not be applicable for real life situations. Estimating the values of the constant co-efficient that are varied poses another limitation in using linear programming. The assumption that there is perfect competition in products and markets limits the use of this technique of analysis. The reality of life is that perfect competition is seldom achieved. The assumption based on the hypothesis of constant returns in a firm is wrong based on practical experience of production. Returns are either diminishing or increasing for most firms. The solutions presented with this technique are mostly presented as trial and error. It also has limitation for complex problems that require optimal solutions such as in economics. Practical application of linear programming Linear programming may be useful in several situations of decision making. In production processes, it can be used to solve problems of planning for production (Kanu, Ozurumba Emerole 2014). This helps the operations manager of a production facility to make decisions of how best to allocate resources that will maximize profit. The resources available may be in the form of raw materials, labour, and money. The outcomes that will be presented as solutions may be the profits return on investment and costs. The clearly defined variables will then assist in making a rational and logical decision. After the TED talk presentation by Ghemawat, my views on globalization have changed drastically. My previous assumptions were that the world was more integrated due to the use of technology. The term globalization was synonymous in my mind with increased global trade and normative cosmopolitanism (Sterri 2014, p.71). The use of social media was main driver of globalization that created new global citizens. The efficacy of the use of social media has been shown to have a small reach in creating global citizens based on friendship. Technology rests on frameworks of friendships already established and does necessarily create new friendships. The official data that has always been published as the metrics to show how globalized we are how been debunked as being wrong on different factors. Data on international calls, cross-border migration, export-to GDP ratio and investments have all been shown to be significantly lower than the official data (Ghemawat 2012). These statistical anomalies have been used to propagate the wrong assumptions that people have on globalization. The real figures which the talk presented are much lower and reflect the true state on globalization. We are not as globalized as we think, or the world is not flat according the presenter of the talk. The distorted view on globalization can be narrowed to several reasons. These reasons contribute to the wrong assumptions that people have on globalization, including me. The lack of credible data is one critical contributing reason (Ghemawat 2012). Peer pressure is another reason that makes people to postulate on a topic that they are ill informed. The last reason is what Ghemawat states is techno-trances (Ghemawat 2012).Having heard the same thing said over time, people tend to believe it in a form of subliminal programming and therefore may accept the lie on globalization. I agree that all my previous views have been wrong, ill informed and myopic. Question two- Fears on Globalization One of the fears is on immigration. The current wave of immigration from Africa and the Middle East has raised concerns in some counties as to the effect such immigration has on their populations. A good example is France which has a sizeable number of immigrants amongst all European countries. People in France have the assumption that currently immigrants account for around 24% of their population (Ghemawat 2012). Adida, Laitin Valfort (2014) state that this raises issues of internal security due to terrorism, religious intolerance and unemployment which may lead to problems of extremism and racism. Knowing the true figure which is 8% may assist in social inclusivity and reduce racial tensions in France. Another area of fear is in the sensitive topic of foreign aid. Most citizens of countries which engage in giving aid to less developed nations have misconceptions about the true figures spent by their government. Most Americans assume that the foreign aid from the federal budget is close to 30% while the true figure is about 1% (Ghemawat 2012). This includes military and other assistance on security (McBride 2017). Knowing the true material facts may push for the case of more money being allocated towards foreign aid. Ghemawat (2012), states that more aid that is channeled to developing nations may actualize the targets set out at the Rio Summit which was 20 years ago. Conclusion Rational decision making can be helpful for the management in making decisions in organizations. It assumes the person making the decision has cognitive ability and uses rationality and logic. Linear programming is a tool that can be used by mangers in making rational decisions. Available figures have tended to show that globalization has a greater impact on trade and immigration than is the reality. The true figures show the contrary and may help in reducing wrong fears and assumptions on aid given to poor countries and immigration. References Adida, C., Laitin, D., Lafort, M, 2014, The Muslim effect on integration and integration in France, The Washington Post, viewed 18 August 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2014/09/30/the-muslim-effect-on-immigrant-integration-in-france-2/?utm_term=.76a33d2e70b6 Eisenfuhr, F., Weber, M., Langer, T, 2010, Rational decision making, Berlin, Springer. Ghemawat, P, 2012, Actually, the world isnt flat, TEDGlobal, viewed 18 August 2017, https://www.ted.com/talks/pankaj_ghemawat_actually_the_world_isn_t_flat/details Gupta, D, 2015,Strategic allocation of resources using linear programming model with parametric analysis: in MATLAB and Excel Solver, Hamburg, Anchor Academic Publishing. Kanu, I., Ozurumba, B., Emerole, C, 2014, Application of linear programming techniques to practical decision making, viewed 18 August, https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/MTM/article/viewFile/15080/15205 McBride, J, 2017, How does the US spend its foreign aid, CFR, viewed on 18 August 2017, https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/how-does-us-spend-its-foreign-aid Patrick, JMT, 2010, Linear programming word problem -Example 1, viewed 18 August, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U Sterri, A., B, 2014, Global citizen-- challenges and responsibility in an interconnected world, Rotterdam, Sense Publishers.